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K8s高可用集群二進制部署-V1.20

來源:好特整理 | 時間:2024-06-24 18:58:26 | 閱讀:115 |  標簽: V1.2 2 v K S   | 分享到:

一、前置知識點 1.1 生產(chǎn)環(huán)境部署K8s集群的兩種方式 kubeadm Kubeadm是一個K8s部署工具,提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join,用于快速部署Kubernetes集群。 二進制包 從github下載發(fā)行版的二進制包,手動部署每個組件,組成Kubernetes集群。

一、前置知識點

1.1 生產(chǎn)環(huán)境部署K8s集群的兩種方式

kubeadm

Kubeadm是一個K8s部署工具,提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join,用于快速部署Kubernetes集群。

二進制包

從github下載發(fā)行版的二進制包,手動部署每個組件,組成Kubernetes集群。

小結(jié):Kubeadm降低部署門檻,但屏蔽了很多細節(jié),遇到問題很難排查。如果想更容易可控,推薦使用二進制包部署Kubernetes集群,雖然手動部署麻煩點,期間可以學習很多工作原理,也利于后期維護。

1.2準備環(huán)境

服務器要求:

  • 建議最小硬件配置:2核CPU、2G內(nèi)存、30G硬盤
  • 服務器最好可以訪問外網(wǎng),會有從網(wǎng)上拉取鏡像需求,如果服務器不能上網(wǎng),需要提前下載對應鏡像并導入節(jié)點

軟件環(huán)境:

軟件 版本
操作系統(tǒng) CentOS7.x_x64 (mini)
容器引擎 Docker CE 19
Kubernetes Kubernetes v1.20

服務器整體規(guī)劃:

角色 IP 組件
k8s-master1 192.168.31.71 kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd, nginx,keepalived
k8s-master2 192.168.31.74 kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,kubelet,kube-proxy,docker, nginx,keepalived
k8s-node1 192.168.31.72 kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd
k8s-node2 192.168.31.73 kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd
負載均衡器IP 192.168.31.88 (VIP)

須知:考慮到有些朋友電腦配置較低,一次性開四臺機器會跑不動,所以搭建這套K8s高可用集群分兩部分實施,先部署一套單Master架構(gòu)(3臺),再擴容為多Master架構(gòu)(4臺或6臺),順便再熟悉下Master擴容流程。

單Master架構(gòu)圖:

K8s高可用集群二進制部署-V1.20

單Master服務器規(guī)劃:

角色 IP 組件
k8s-master 192.168.31.71 kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,etcd
k8s-node1 192.168.31.72 kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd
k8s-node2 192.168.31.73 kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd

1.3 操作系統(tǒng)初始化配置

# 關(guān)閉防火墻 
systemctl stop firewalld 
systemctl disable firewalld 
# 關(guān)閉selinux 
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  # 永久 
setenforce 0  # 臨時 
# 關(guān)閉swap 
swapoff -a  # 臨時 
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab    # 永久 
# 根據(jù)規(guī)劃設置主機名 
hostnamectl set-hostname  
# 在master添加hosts 
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF 
192.168.31.71 k8s-master1 
192.168.31.72 k8s-node1 
192.168.31.73 k8s-node2 
EOF 
# 將橋接的IPv4流量傳遞到iptables的鏈 
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF 
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 
EOF 
sysctl --system  # 生效 
# 時間同步 
yum install ntpdate -y 
ntpdate time.windows.com

二、部署Etcd集群

Etcd 是一個分布式鍵值存儲系統(tǒng),Kubernetes使用Etcd進行數(shù)據(jù)存儲,所以先準備一個Etcd數(shù)據(jù)庫,為解決Etcd單點故障,應采用集群方式部署,這里使用3臺組建集群,可容忍1臺機器故障,當然,你也可以使用5臺組建集群,可容忍2臺機器故障。

節(jié)點名稱 IP
etcd-1 192.168.31.71
etcd-2 192.168.31.72
etcd-3 192.168.31.73

注:為了節(jié)省機器,這里與K8s節(jié)點機器復用。也可以獨立于k8s集群之外部署,只要apiserver能連接到就行。|

2.1 準備cfssl證書生成工具

cfssl是一個開源的證書管理工具,使用json文件生成證書,相比openssl更方便使用。

找任意一臺服務器操作,這里用Master節(jié)點。

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

2.2 生成Etcd證書

1. 自簽證書頒發(fā)機構(gòu)(CA)

創(chuàng)建工作目錄:

mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
cd ~/TLS/etcd

自簽CA:

cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
	"default": {
	  "expiry": "87600h"
	},
	"profiles": {
	  "www": {
		 "expiry": "87600h",
		 "usages": [
			"signing",
			"key encipherment",
			"server auth",
			"client auth"
		]
	  }
	}
  }
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
	"CN": "etcd CA",
	"key": {
		"algo": "rsa",
		"size": 2048
	},
	"names": [
		{
			"C": "CN",
			"L": "Beijing",
			"ST": "Beijing"
		}
	]
}
EOF

生成證書:

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

會生成ca.pem和ca-key.pem文件。


2. 使用自簽CA簽發(fā)Etcd HTTPS證書

創(chuàng)建證書申請文件:

cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
	"CN": "etcd",
	"hosts": [
	"192.168.31.71",
	"192.168.31.72",
	"192.168.31.73"
	],
	"key": {
		"algo": "rsa",
		"size": 2048
	},
	"names": [
		{
			"C": "CN",
			"L": "BeiJing",
			"ST": "BeiJing"
		}
	]
}
EOF

注:上述文件hosts字段中IP為所有etcd節(jié)點的集群內(nèi)部通信IP,一個都不能少!為了方便后期擴容可以多寫幾個預留的IP。

生成證書:

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

會生成server.pem和server-key.pem文件。


2.3 從Github下載二進制文件

下載地址: https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz

2.4 部署Etcd集群

以下在節(jié)點1上操作,為簡化操作,待會將節(jié)點1生成的所有文件拷貝到節(jié)點2和節(jié)點3.

1. 創(chuàng)建工作目錄并解壓二進制包

mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

2. 創(chuàng)建etcd配置文件

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.31.71:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.31.72:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.31.73:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

  • ETCD_NAME:節(jié)點名稱,集群中唯一

  • ETCD_DATA_DIR:數(shù)據(jù)目錄

  • ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS:集群通信監(jiān)聽地址

  • ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS:客戶端訪問監(jiān)聽地址

  • ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEERURLS:集群通告地址

  • ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS:客戶端通告地址

  • ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER:集群節(jié)點地址

  • ETCD_INITIALCLUSTER_TOKEN:集群Token

  • ETCD_INITIALCLUSTER_STATE:加入集群的當前狀態(tài),new是新集群,existing表示加入已有集群

3. systemd管理etcd

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

4. 拷貝剛才生成的證書

把剛才生成的證書拷貝到配置文件中的路徑:

cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

5. 啟動并設置開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd

6. 將上面節(jié)點1所有生成的文件拷貝到節(jié)點2和節(jié)點3

scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

然后在節(jié)點2和節(jié)點3分別修改etcd.conf配置文件中的節(jié)點名稱和當前服務器IP:

vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"   # 修改此處,節(jié)點2改為etcd-2,節(jié)點3改為etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380"   # 修改此處為當前服務器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此處為當前服務器IP
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380" # 修改此處為當前服務器IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此處為當前服務器IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.31.71:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.31.72:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.31.73:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

最后啟動etcd并設置開機啟動,同上。


7. 查看集群狀態(tài)

ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.31.71:2379,https://192.168.31.72:2379,https://192.168.31.73:2379" endpoint health --write-out=table
+----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
|          ENDPOINT    | HEALTH |    TOOK     | ERROR |
+----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| https://192.168.31.71:2379 |   true | 10.301506ms |    |
| https://192.168.31.73:2379 |   true | 12.87467ms |     |
| https://192.168.31.72:2379 |   true | 13.225954ms |    |
+----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+

如果輸出上面信息,就說明集群部署成功。

如果有問題第一步先看日志:/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd


三、安裝Docker

這里使用Docker作為容器引擎,也可以換成別的,例如containerd

下載地址: https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz

以下在所有節(jié)點操作。這里采用二進制安裝,用yum安裝也一樣。

3.1 解壓二進制包

tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin

3.2 systemd管理docker

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3.3 創(chuàng)建配置文件

mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
  • registry-mirrors 阿里云鏡像加速器

3.4 啟動并設置開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker

四、部署Master Node

如果你在學習中遇到問題或者文檔有誤可聯(lián)系wsj~ 微信: XWALY-5

4.1 生成kube-apiserver證書

1. 自簽證書頒發(fā)機構(gòu)(CA)

cd ~/TLS/k8s
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
	"default": {
	  "expiry": "87600h"
	},
	"profiles": {
	  "kubernetes": {
		 "expiry": "87600h",
		 "usages": [
			"signing",
			"key encipherment",
			"server auth",
			"client auth"
		]
	  }
	}
  }
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
	"CN": "kubernetes",
	"key": {
		"algo": "rsa",
		"size": 2048
	},
	"names": [
		{
			"C": "CN",
			"L": "Beijing",
			"ST": "Beijing",
			"O": "k8s",
			"OU": "System"
		}
	]
}
EOF

生成證書:

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

會生成ca.pem和ca-key.pem文件。

2. 使用自簽CA簽發(fā)kube-apiserver HTTPS證書

創(chuàng)建證書申請文件:

cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
	"CN": "kubernetes",
	"hosts": [
	  "10.0.0.1",
	  "127.0.0.1",
	  "192.168.31.71",
	  "192.168.31.72",
	  "192.168.31.73",
	  "192.168.31.88",
	  "kubernetes",
	  "kubernetes.default",
	  "kubernetes.default.svc",
	  "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
	  "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
	],
	"key": {
		"algo": "rsa",
		"size": 2048
	},
	"names": [
		{
			"C": "CN",
			"L": "BeiJing",
			"ST": "BeiJing",
			"O": "k8s",
			"OU": "System"
		}
	]
}
EOF

注:上述文件hosts字段中IP為所有Master/LB/VIP IP,一個都不能少!為了方便后期擴容可以多寫幾個預留的IP。

生成證書:

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

會生成server.pem和server-key.pem文件。

4.2 從Github下載二進制文件

下載地址: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.20.md

注:打開鏈接你會發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有很多包,下載一個server包就夠了,包含了Master和Worker Node二進制文件。

4.3 解壓二進制包

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs} 
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/

4.4 部署kube-apiserver

1. 創(chuàng)建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.31.71:2379,https://192.168.31.72:2379,https://192.168.31.73:2379 \\
--bind-address=192.168.31.71 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=192.168.31.71 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--service-account-issuer=api \\
--service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-allowed-names=kubernetes \\
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \\
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
--enable-aggregator-routing=true \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF

注:上面兩個\ \ 第一個是轉(zhuǎn)義符,第二個是換行符,使用轉(zhuǎn)義符是為了使用EOF保留換行符。

  • —logtostderr:啟用日志

  • —-v:日志等級

  • —log-dir:日志目錄

  • —etcd-servers:etcd集群地址

  • —bind-address:監(jiān)聽地址

  • —secure-port:https安全端口

  • —advertise-address:集群通告地址

  • —allow-privileged:啟用授權(quán)

  • —service-cluster-ip-range:Service虛擬IP地址段

  • —enable-admission-plugins:準入控制模塊

  • —authorization-mode:認證授權(quán),啟用RBAC授權(quán)和節(jié)點自管理

  • —enable-bootstrap-token-auth:啟用TLS bootstrap機制

  • —token-auth-file:bootstrap token文件

  • —service-node-port-range:Service nodeport類型默認分配端口范圍

  • —kubelet-client-xxx:apiserver訪問kubelet客戶端證書

  • —tls-xxx-file:apiserver https證書

  • 1.20版本必須加的參數(shù):—service-account-issuer,—service-account-signing-key-file

  • —etcd-xxxfile:連接Etcd集群證書

  • —audit-log-xxx:審計日志

  • 啟動聚合層相關(guān)配置:—requestheader-client-ca-file,—proxy-client-cert-file,—proxy-client-key-file,—requestheader-allowed-names,—requestheader-extra-headers-prefix,—requestheader-group-headers,—requestheader-username-headers,—enable-aggregator-routing

2. 拷貝剛才生成的證書

把剛才生成的證書拷貝到配置文件中的路徑:

cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

3. 啟用 TLS Bootstrapping 機制

TLS Bootstraping:Master apiserver啟用TLS認證后,Node節(jié)點kubelet和kube-proxy要與kube-apiserver進行通信,必須使用CA簽發(fā)的有效證書才可以,當Node節(jié)點很多時,這種客戶端證書頒發(fā)需要大量工作,同樣也會增加集群擴展復雜度。為了簡化流程,Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping機制來自動頒發(fā)客戶端證書,kubelet會以一個低權(quán)限用戶自動向apiserver申請證書,kubelet的證書由apiserver動態(tài)簽署。所以強烈建議在Node上使用這種方式,目前主要用于kubelet,kube-proxy還是由我們統(tǒng)一頒發(fā)一個證書。

TLS bootstraping 工作流程:
K8s高可用集群二進制部署-V1.20

創(chuàng)建上述配置文件中token文件:

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF

格式:token,用戶名,UID,用戶組

token也可自行生成替換:

head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '

4. systemd管理apiserver

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5. 啟動并設置開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver 
systemctl enable kube-apiserver

4.5 部署kube-controller-manager

1. 創(chuàng)建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF
  • —kubeconfig:連接apiserver配置文件

  • —leader-elect:當該組件啟動多個時,自動選舉(HA)

  • —cluster-signing-cert-file/—cluster-signing-key-file:自動為kubelet頒發(fā)證書的CA,與apiserver保持一致

2. 生成kubeconfig文件

生成kube-controller-manager證書:

# 切換工作目錄
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 創(chuàng)建證書請求文件
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
	"algo": "rsa",
	"size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
	{
	  "C": "CN",
	  "L": "BeiJing", 
	  "ST": "BeiJing",
	  "O": "system:masters",
	  "OU": "System"
	}
  ]
}
EOF
# 生成證書
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager

生成kubeconfig文件(以下是shell命令,直接在終端執(zhí)行):

KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.31.71:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-controller-manager \
  --client-certificate=./kube-controller-manager.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-controller-manager \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

3. systemd管理controller-manager

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

4. 啟動并設置開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager

4.6 部署kube-scheduler

1. 創(chuàng)建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
  • —kubeconfig:連接apiserver配置文件

  • —leader-elect:當該組件啟動多個時,自動選舉(HA)

2. 生成kubeconfig文件

生成kube-scheduler證書:

# 切換工作目錄
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 創(chuàng)建證書請求文件
cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
	"algo": "rsa",
	"size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
	{
	  "C": "CN",
	  "L": "BeiJing",
	  "ST": "BeiJing",
	  "O": "system:masters",
	  "OU": "System"
	}
  ]
}
EOF
# 生成證書
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler

生成kubeconfig文件(以下是shell命令,直接在終端執(zhí)行):

KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.31.71:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-scheduler \
  --client-certificate=./kube-scheduler.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-scheduler-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-scheduler \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

3. systemd管理scheduler

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

4. 啟動并設置開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
5. 查看集群狀態(tài)

生成kubectl連接集群的證書:

cat > admin-csr.json <

生成kubeconfig文件:

mkdir /root/.kube
KUBE_CONFIG="/root/.kube/config"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.31.71:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials cluster-admin \
  --client-certificate=./admin.pem \
  --client-key=./admin-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=cluster-admin \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

通過kubectl工具查看當前集群組件狀態(tài):

kubectl get cs
NAME                STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
scheduler             Healthy   ok                  
controller-manager       Healthy   ok                  
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

如上輸出說明Master節(jié)點組件運行正常。

6. 授權(quán)kubelet-bootstrap用戶允許請求證書

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap

五、部署Worker Node

如果你在學習中遇到問題或者文檔有誤可聯(lián)系阿良~ 微信: xyz12366699

下面還是在Master Node上操作,即同時作為Worker Node

5.1 創(chuàng)建工作目錄并拷貝二進制文件

在所有worker node創(chuàng)建工作目錄:

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}

從master節(jié)點拷貝:

cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin   # 本地拷貝

5.2 部署kubelet

1. 創(chuàng)建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-master1 \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
  • —hostname-override:顯示名稱,集群中唯一

  • —network-plugin:啟用CNI

  • —kubeconfig:空路徑,會自動生成,后面用于連接apiserver

  • —bootstrap-kubeconfig:首次啟動向apiserver申請證書

  • —config:配置參數(shù)文件

  • —cert-dir:kubelet證書生成目錄

  • —pod-infra-container-image:管理Pod網(wǎng)絡容器的鏡像

2. 配置參數(shù)文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local 
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
	enabled: false
  webhook:
	cacheTTL: 2m0s
	enabled: true
  x509:
	clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
	cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
	cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF

3. 生成kubelet初次加入集群引導kubeconfig文件

KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.31.71:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940" # 與token.csv里保持一致
# 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --token=${TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

4. systemd管理kubelet

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5. 啟動并設置開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet

5.3 批準kubelet證書申請并加入集群

# 查看kubelet證書請求
kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE    SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--K6M4G7bjhk8A   6m3s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending
# 批準申請
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--K6M4G7bjhk8A
# 查看節(jié)點
kubectl get node
NAME         STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master1   NotReady      7s    v1.18.3

注:由于網(wǎng)絡插件還沒有部署,節(jié)點會沒有準備就緒 NotReady

5.4 部署kube-proxy

1. 創(chuàng)建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF

2. 配置參數(shù)文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master1
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF

3. 生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件

生成kube-proxy證書:

# 切換工作目錄
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 創(chuàng)建證書請求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
	"algo": "rsa",
	"size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
	{
	  "C": "CN",
	  "L": "BeiJing",
	  "ST": "BeiJing",
	  "O": "k8s",
	  "OU": "System"
	}
  ]
}
EOF
# 生成證書
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
生成kubeconfig文件:
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.31.71:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

4. systemd管理kube-proxy

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5. 啟動并設置開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy

5.5 部署網(wǎng)絡組件

Calico是一個純?nèi)龑拥臄?shù)據(jù)中心網(wǎng)絡方案,是目前Kubernetes主流的網(wǎng)絡方案。

部署Calico:

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system

等Calico Pod都Running,節(jié)點也會準備就緒:

kubectl get node
NAME         STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master   Ready       37m   v1.20.4

5.6 授權(quán)apiserver訪問kubelet

應用場景:例如kubectl logs

cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
	rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
	kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
	  - ""
	resources:
	  - nodes/proxy
	  - nodes/stats
	  - nodes/log
	  - nodes/spec
	  - nodes/metrics
	  - pods/log
	verbs:
	  - "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ""
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
	kind: User
	name: kubernetes
EOF
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml

5.7 新增加Worker Node

1. 拷貝已部署好的Node相關(guān)文件到新節(jié)點

在Master節(jié)點將Worker Node涉及文件拷貝到新節(jié)點192.168.31.72/73

scp -r /opt/kubernetes [email protected]:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/ssl

2. 刪除kubelet證書和kubeconfig文件

rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig 
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*

注:這幾個文件是證書申請審批后自動生成的,每個Node不同,必須刪除

3. 修改主機名

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-node1
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1

4. 啟動并設置開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl enable kubelet kube-proxy

5. 在Master上批準新Node kubelet證書申請

# 查看證書請求
kubectl get csr
NAME           AGE   SIGNERNAME                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro   89s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending
# 授權(quán)請求
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro

6. 查看Node狀態(tài)

kubectl get node
NAME       STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
k8s-master1   Ready       47m     v1.20.4
k8s-node1    Ready       6m49s   v1.20.4

Node2(192.168.31.73 )節(jié)點同上。記得修改主機名!

六、部署Dashboard和CoreDNS

6.1 部署Dashboard

kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
# 查看部署
kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard

訪問地址: https://NodeIP:30001

創(chuàng)建service account并綁定默認cluster-admin管理員集群角色:

kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')

使用輸出的token登錄Dashboard。

K8s高可用集群二進制部署-V1.20



K8s高可用集群二進制部署-V1.20

6.2 部署CoreDNS

CoreDNS用于集群內(nèi)部Service名稱解析。

kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml 
kubectl get pods -n kube-system  
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE 
coredns-5ffbfd976d-j6shb      1/1     Running   0          32s

DNS解析測試:

kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh 
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter. 
/ # nslookup kubernetes 
Server:    10.0.0.2 
Address 1: 10.0.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local 
Name:      kubernetes 
Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

解析沒問題。

至此一個單Master集群就搭建完成了!這個環(huán)境就足以滿足學習實驗了,如果你的服務器配置較高,可繼續(xù)擴容多Master集群!

七、擴容多Master(高可用架構(gòu))

Kubernetes作為容器集群系統(tǒng),通過健康檢查+重啟策略實現(xiàn)了Pod故障自我修復能力,通過調(diào)度算法實現(xiàn)將Pod分布式部署,并保持預期副本數(shù),根據(jù)Node失效狀態(tài)自動在其他Node拉起Pod,實現(xiàn)了應用層的高可用性。

針對Kubernetes集群,高可用性還應包含以下兩個層面的考慮:Etcd數(shù)據(jù)庫的高可用性和Kubernetes Master組件的高可用性。 而Etcd我們已經(jīng)采用3個節(jié)點組建集群實現(xiàn)高可用,本節(jié)將對Master節(jié)點高可用進行說明和實施。

Master節(jié)點扮演著總控中心的角色,通過不斷與工作節(jié)點上的Kubelet和kube-proxy進行通信來維護整個集群的健康工作狀態(tài)。如果Master節(jié)點故障,將無法使用kubectl工具或者API做任何集群管理。

Master節(jié)點主要有三個服務kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager和kube-scheduler,其中kube-controller-manager和kube-scheduler組件自身通過選擇機制已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了高可用,所以Master高可用主要針對kube-apiserver組件,而該組件是以HTTP API提供服務,因此對他高可用與Web服務器類似,增加負載均衡器對其負載均衡即可,并且可水平擴容。

多Master架構(gòu)圖:

K8s高可用集群二進制部署-V1.20

7.1 部署Master2 Node

現(xiàn)在需要再增加一臺新服務器,作為Master2 Node,IP是192.168.31.74。

為了節(jié)省資源你也可以將之前部署好的Worker Node1復用為Master2 Node角色(即部署Master組件)

Master2 與已部署的Master1所有操作一致。所以我們只需將Master1所有K8s文件拷貝過來,再修改下服務器IP和主機名啟動即可。

1. 安裝Docker

scp /usr/bin/docker* [email protected]:/usr/bin
scp /usr/bin/runc [email protected]:/usr/bin
scp /usr/bin/containerd* [email protected]:/usr/bin
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /etc/docker [email protected]:/etc
# 在Master2啟動Docker
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker

2. 創(chuàng)建etcd證書目錄

在Master2創(chuàng)建etcd證書目錄:

mkdir -p /opt/etcd/ssl

3. 拷貝文件(Master1操作)

拷貝Master1上所有K8s文件和etcd證書到Master2:

scp -r /opt/kubernetes [email protected]:/opt
scp -r /opt/etcd/ssl [email protected]:/opt/etcd
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube* [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp /usr/bin/kubectl  [email protected]:/usr/bin
scp -r ~/.kube [email protected]:~

4. 刪除證書文件

刪除kubelet證書和kubeconfig文件:

rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig 
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*

5. 修改配置文件IP和主機名

修改apiserver、kubelet和kube-proxy配置文件為本地IP:

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf 
...
--bind-address=192.168.31.74 \
--advertise-address=192.168.31.74 \
...
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-master2
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-master2

6. 啟動設置開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubelet kube-proxy

7. 查看集群狀態(tài)

修改連接master為本機IP

vi ~/.kube/config
...
server: https://192.168.31.74:6443
kubectl get cs
NAME                STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
scheduler             Healthy   ok                  
controller-manager       Healthy   ok                  
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

8. 批準kubelet證書申請

# 查看證書請求
kubectl get csr
NAME                      AGE          SIGNERNAME          REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-JYNknakEa_YpHz797oKaN-ZTk43nD51Zc9CJkBLcASU   85m   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending
# 授權(quán)請求
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-JYNknakEa_YpHz797oKaN-ZTk43nD51Zc9CJkBLcASU
# 查看Node
kubectl get node
NAME        STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master1    Ready       34h   v1.20.4
k8s-master2    Ready       2m   v1.20.4
k8s-node1     Ready       33h   v1.20.4
k8s-node2     Ready       33h   v1.20.4

如果你在學習中遇到問題或者文檔有誤可聯(lián)系wsj~ 微信: XWALY-5

7.2 部署Nginx+Keepalived高可用負載均衡器

kube-apiserver高可用架構(gòu)圖:

K8s高可用集群二進制部署-V1.20


  • Nginx是一個主流Web服務和反向代理服務器,這里用四層實現(xiàn)對apiserver實現(xiàn)負載均衡。

  • Keepalived是一個主流高可用軟件,基于VIP綁定實現(xiàn)服務器雙機熱備,在上述拓撲中,Keepalived主要根據(jù)Nginx運行狀態(tài)判斷是否需要故障轉(zhuǎn)移(漂移VIP),例如當Nginx主節(jié)點掛掉,VIP會自動綁定在Nginx備節(jié)點,從而保證VIP一直可用,實現(xiàn)Nginx高可用。

注1:為了節(jié)省機器,這里與K8s Master節(jié)點機器復用。也可以獨立于k8s集群之外部署,只要nginx與apiserver能通信就行。

注2:如果你是在公有云上,一般都不支持keepalived,那么你可以直接用它們的負載均衡器產(chǎn)品,直接負載均衡多臺Master kube-apiserver,架構(gòu)與上面一樣。

在兩臺Master節(jié)點操作。

1. 安裝軟件包(主/備)

 yum install epel-release -y
 yum install nginx keepalived -y

2. Nginx配置文件(主/備一樣)

cat > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf << "EOF"
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
	worker_connections 1024;
}
# 四層負載均衡,為兩臺Master apiserver組件提供負載均衡
stream {
	log_format  main  '$remote_addr $upstream_addr - [$time_local] $status $upstream_bytes_sent';
	access_log  /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log  main;
	upstream k8s-apiserver {
	   server 192.168.31.71:6443;   # Master1 APISERVER IP:PORT
	   server 192.168.31.72:6443;   # Master2 APISERVER IP:PORT
	}
	server {
	   listen 16443; # 由于nginx與master節(jié)點復用,這個監(jiān)聽端口不能是6443,否則會沖突
	   proxy_pass k8s-apiserver;
	}
}
http {
	log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
					  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
					  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
	access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
	sendfile            on;
	tcp_nopush          on;
	tcp_nodelay         on;
	keepalive_timeout   65;
	types_hash_max_size 2048;
	include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
	default_type        application/octet-stream;
	server {
		listen       80 default_server;
		server_name  _;
		location / {
		}
	}
}
EOF

3. keepalived配置文件(Nginx Master)

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs { 
   notification_email { 
	 [email protected] 
	 [email protected] 
	 [email protected] 
   } 
   notification_email_from [email protected]  
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1 
   smtp_connect_timeout 30 
   router_id NGINX_MASTER
} 
vrrp_script check_nginx {
	script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
	state MASTER 
	interface ens33  # 修改為實際網(wǎng)卡名
	virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID實例,每個實例是唯一的 
	priority 100    # 優(yōu)先級,備服務器設置 90 
	advert_int 1    # 指定VRRP 心跳包通告間隔時間,默認1秒 
	authentication { 
		auth_type PASS      
		auth_pass 1111 
	}  
	# 虛擬IP
	virtual_ipaddress { 
		192.168.31.88/24
	} 
	track_script {
		check_nginx
	} 
}
EOF
  • vrrp_script:指定檢查nginx工作狀態(tài)腳本(根據(jù)nginx狀態(tài)判斷是否故障轉(zhuǎn)移)

  • virtual_ipaddress:虛擬IP(VIP)

準備上述配置文件中檢查nginx運行狀態(tài)的腳本:

cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh  << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ss -antp |grep 16443 |egrep -cv "grep|$$")
if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
	exit 1
else
	exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh

4. keepalived配置文件(Nginx Backup)

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs { 
   notification_email { 
	 [email protected] 
	 [email protected] 
	 [email protected] 
   } 
   notification_email_from [email protected]  
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1 
   smtp_connect_timeout 30 
   router_id NGINX_BACKUP
} 
vrrp_script check_nginx {
	script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
	state BACKUP 
	interface ens33
	virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID實例,每個實例是唯一的 
	priority 90
	advert_int 1
	authentication { 
		auth_type PASS      
		auth_pass 1111 
	}  
	virtual_ipaddress { 
		192.168.31.88/24
	} 
	track_script {
		check_nginx
	} 
}
EOF

準備上述配置文件中檢查nginx運行狀態(tài)的腳本:

cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh  << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ss -antp |grep 16443 |egrep -cv "grep|$$")
if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
	exit 1
else
	exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh

注:keepalived根據(jù)腳本返回狀態(tài)碼(0為工作正常,非0不正常)判斷是否故障轉(zhuǎn)移。

5. 啟動并設置開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx keepalived
systemctl enable nginx keepalived

6. 查看keepalived工作狀態(tài)

ip addr
1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
	link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
	inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
	   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
	inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
	   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
	link/ether 00:0c:29:04:f7:2c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
	inet 192.168.31.80/24 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
	   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
	inet 192.168.31.88/24 scope global secondary ens33
	   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
	inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe04:f72c/64 scope link 
	   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

可以看到,在ens33網(wǎng)卡綁定了192.168.31.88 虛擬IP,說明工作正常。

7. Nginx+Keepalived高可用測試

關(guān)閉主節(jié)點Nginx,測試VIP是否漂移到備節(jié)點服務器。

在Nginx Master執(zhí)行 pkill nginx;
在Nginx Backup,ip addr命令查看已成功綁定VIP。

8. 訪問負載均衡器測試

找K8s集群中任意一個節(jié)點,使用curl查看K8s版本測試,使用VIP訪問:

curl -k https://192.168.31.88:16443/version
{
  "major": "1",
  "minor": "20",
  "gitVersion": "v1.20.4",
  "gitCommit": "e87da0bd6e03ec3fea7933c4b5263d151aafd07c",
  "gitTreeState": "clean",
  "buildDate": "2021-02-18T16:03:00Z",
  "goVersion": "go1.15.8",
  "compiler": "gc",
  "platform": "linux/amd64"
}

可以正確獲取到K8s版本信息,說明負載均衡器搭建正常。該請求數(shù)據(jù)流程:curl -> vip(nginx) -> apiserver

通過查看Nginx日志也可以看到轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)apiserver IP:

tail /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log -f
192.168.31.71 192.168.31.71:6443 - [02/Apr/2021:19:17:57 +0800] 200 423
192.168.31.71 192.168.31.72:6443 - [02/Apr/2021:19:18:50 +0800] 200 423

到此還沒結(jié)束,還有下面最關(guān)鍵的一步。

7.3 修改所有Worker Node連接LB VIP

試想下,雖然我們增加了Master2 Node和負載均衡器,但是我們是從單Master架構(gòu)擴容的,也就是說目前所有的Worker Node組件連接都還是Master1 Node,如果不改為連接VIP走負載均衡器,那么Master還是單點故障。

因此接下來就是要改所有Worker Node(kubectl get node命令查看到的節(jié)點)組件配置文件,由原來192.168.31.71修改為192.168.31.88(VIP)。

在所有Worker Node執(zhí)行:

sed -i 's#192.168.31.71:6443#192.168.31.88:16443#' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/*
systemctl restart kubelet kube-proxy

檢查節(jié)點狀態(tài):

kubectl get node 
NAME         STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION 
k8s-master1   Ready       32d   v1.20.4 
k8s-master2   Ready       10m   v1.20.4 
k8s-node1    Ready       31d   v1.20.4 
k8s-node2    Ready       31d   v1.20.4

至此,一套完整的 Kubernetes 高可用集群就部署完成了!

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